We hypothesized that HIV or ART modulation of immune cell activation status or alteration of immune cells subsets during pregnancy would be associated with PTD or SGA.
We established the Prematurity Immunology in HIV-infected Mothers and their Infants Study (PIMS) in Cape Town, South Africa, to investigate the association between timing of ART initiation (preconception or during pregnancy), immunological parameters, and PTD or SGA. Overall, associations between PTD, SGA, and immunological- and infection-related events are complex, with the exact mechanisms not fully understood.
However, it has also been suggested that excessive systemic immune activation, inflammation at the maternal–fetal interface, and other immune dysfunction may be linked to PTD and other adverse pregnancy outcomes. ART reduces systemic immune activation that, although demonstrated to be overall clinically beneficial, may also alter immune regulatory pathways linked to immune activation that are essential for normal pregnancy. Increased immune activation is required for the maintenance of pregnancy to term, with a physiological shift toward increased peripheral immune cells activation over pregnancy. Research is needed to inform understanding of potential biological mechanisms underlying any association between HIV or ART and pregnancy outcome. People with HIV, including pregnant women, are offered ART immediately at HIV diagnosis. Untreated, advanced HIV disease is associated with adverse birth outcomes ART in pregnancy has been associated with preterm delivery (PTD), low birth weight, and/or small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants in some, but not all studies, possibly driven by specific ART regimen. His new medical thriller, The Harvester, was released in 2019 as the first of six books in the Dale Broc series.įind out more about Jon Biddle, including his new releases and regular short stories, by going to and joining the mailing list.HIV, antiretroviral therapy, adverse pregnancy outcomes, monocytesĪntiretroviral therapy (ART) improves survival, and prevents mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. With full-time medical responsibilities in his day job, Jon spends 15-20 hours a week writing for his growing online audience. Jon lives in the south-west of England with his childhood sweetheart, Sam, and two Springer Spaniels. He has no level, base, or filter, and will get into your head and “scare the living daylights” out of you. There is nothing too dark for Jon to write about. The dark always surrounds us, but Jon has a knack of making his readers ask “Could this happen to me?”
He surrounds himself in the white glow of pureness, with one foot always in the dark. Jon’s writing is dark and eclectic, provoking and deviant.
#MAILIST CONTROLLER 12.7 SERIAL PROFESSIONAL#
Jon spends his days smashing out people’s hip and knee joints, and his nights writing medical thrillers.Ī veteran and a medical professional who spends 45 hours a week in the OR, Jon brings considerable medical and military/law enforcement expertise to the crime thriller genre, evident by the attention to detail in his six books. Author Jon Biddle brings extensive medical knowledge coupled with military and law enforcement experience that combines to produce an exciting sequel to The Harvester. Hypnos is the second novel in the Alex Brown series. Will she save the country or her daughter?
#MAILIST CONTROLLER 12.7 SERIAL SERIAL#
The software is uploaded to the brain via eye movement using a smartphone, leaving open the possibility for entire countries to be controlled remotely.Īlex Brown, newly-appointed to the B5 Intelligence cell of British intelligence while hunting for the serial killer Dale Broc who has kidnapped her daughter, has been assigned to the case and now has to choose.
Only the rich and the powerful can be part of Asclepius. The organisation responsible has racist, right-wing views and a perverted desire to reduce population growth by culling it using the software. and human consciousness, making a person do whatever the controller wants, creating a potentially terrifying new world. It is capable of bridging the gap between A.I. What if the unthinkable became a reality? What if technology could be used against you?Ī software program has been stolen from the digital vaults of the CIA.
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